Techno-economic evaluation of ultrasound and thermal pretreatments for enhanced anaerobic digestion of municipal waste activated sludge

To enhance the anaerobic digestion of municipal waste-activated sludge (WAS), ultrasound, thermal, and ultrasound + thermal (combined) pretreatments were conducted using three ultrasound specific energy inputs (1000, 5000, and 10,000 kJ/kg TSS) and three thermal pretreatment temperatures (50, 70 and 90 °C). Prior to anaerobic digestion, combined pretreatments significantly improved volatile suspended solid (VSS) reduction by 29-38%. The largest increase in methane production (30%) was observed after 30 min of 90 °C pretreatment followed by 10,000 kJ/kg TSS ultrasound pretreatment. Combined pretreatments improved the dimethyl sulfide (DMS) removal efficiency by 42-72% but did not show any further improvement in hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) removal when compared with ultrasound and thermal pretreatments alone. Economic analysis showed that combined pretreatments with 1000 kJ/kg TSS specific energy and differing thermal pretreatments (50-90 °C) can reduce operating costs by $44-66/ton dry solid when compared to conventional anaerobic digestion without pretreatments.     

Gasification of dried sewage sludge: status of the demonstration and the pilot plant

The disposal of sewage sludge from municipal waste water treatment plants is suffering from raising costs.The gasification is an alternative way of treatment, which can reduce the amount of solid residues that must be disposed from a water treatment plant. The produced gas can be used very flexible to produce electrical energy, to burn it very cleanly or to use it for upgrading.The gasification in the fluidised bed and the gas cleaning with the granular bed filter has shown successful operation. A demonstration plant in Balingen was set up in 2002 and rebuilt to a larger throughput in 2010. As a next step a demonstration plant was built in Mannheim and is now at the end of the commissioning phase. Nowadays the product gas is blended with biogas from sludge fermentation and utilized in a gas engine or combustion chamber to produce heat. In the future the process control for a maximized efficiency and the removal of organic and inorganic impurities in the gas will be further improved.     

罐底油泥特性分析及其除油处理工艺

通过研究罐底油泥的理化性质,开发了适于处理罐底油泥的系列工艺:先采用调质技术提高罐底油泥流动性;再采用超声破乳降低油泥稳定性,改善油泥分离性能;最后采用卧式离心机对油泥进行离心分离处理.在复合型清洗剂加入量为800 mg/L、超声温度为60℃、超声功率为12 kW、超声时间为25 min、离心温度为60℃、絮凝剂加入量为600 mg/L、离心机转速为2200 r/min的条件下,系统稳定运行9d,离心机出口泥中含油率低于2.00％,水中悬浮固体质量浓度低于170 mg/L,达到了对罐底油泥进行除油的目的.     

污泥热水解技术研究进展

热水解可以改善污泥的生物降解性能和脱水性能,提高后续厌氧消化系统中有机物的去除率。本文阐述了热水解对污泥物理特性主要包括流变特性和脱水行为的影响;分析了热水解对污泥中氨氮浓度及对厌氧消化的作用;同时介绍了热水解技术对整个污泥处理系统能量需求的影响。指出：热水解改善了污泥的厌氧消化性能,提高了沼气等再生资源的产量,且厌氧消化产生的沼气量与热水解技术所需的能量基本平衡。     

缺氧——好氧生和的膜反应器挂膜的试验研究

缺氧生物膜反应器采用好氧预挂膜与快速排泥挂膜方法,在挂膜期间加强污泥回流,缩短反应器的启动时间。两种反应器内均存在呈悬浮与附着形态的污泥。     

污水处理工程--两段式活性污泥工艺

我国中小城市的污水处理通常有如下特点(1 )工业废水所占比重较大,甚至超过50 %,致使要处理的城市污水的污染物浓度较高,污染物负荷变化较大 ;(2)城市财政状况比较紧张,可用于建设污水处理厂的资金有限.两段式活性污泥工艺是对传统活性污泥工艺的改进,在好氧处理之前采用一个缺氧或厌氧段,用于有机物的水解酸化或生物除磷.两段式工艺有以下优点处理效率高、工程投资和日常运行费用低,更适合我国国情.本文以两个工程项目为例,论述了两段式活性污泥工艺的工程设计与实际应用.山东省招远市污水处理厂于1999年7月投入运行,处理后排放水中的污染物指标低于设计值.蓬莱市污水处理厂工程即将竣工,设计处理能力20000m3 /d,工程总投资约1200万元,远远低于目前国内的平均水平.     

活性污泥模型研究及其工艺软件的发展

本文综述了活性污泥模型从基于Monod方程的稳态模型到以ASM1、ASM2、ASM3为代表的动态模型的发展过程 ,介绍了各代表性模型的特点并对当前典型的活性污泥工艺软件作了评述 ,提出其研究方向及发展趋势     

嗜酸硫氧化菌株的分离及其在污泥生物脱毒中的应用

以元素硫为底物,采用选择性液体培养基加富培养继以稀释平板法直接从污泥中分离出一株嗜酸硫氧化菌株SS-3.该菌株能将硫粉或硫代硫酸盐氧化成硫酸或硫酸盐,但不能氧化二价铁.序批式生物淋滤试验结果表明,接种该菌株并添加硫作为底物可有效加速污水污泥中重金属的溶出.经过15 d的生物淋滤,Cr,Cu,Zn的去除率可分别达到66.8%,95.4%,100%.      

城市污泥堆肥中水溶性有机物的理化特性变化

通过透析和XAD-8树脂等方法研究了城市污泥堆肥过程中水溶性有机物(DOM)的理化特性变化.结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,堆肥DOM的浓度和pH值分别降低了58.4%和9.5%;DOM中小分子组分和亲水性组分分别减少了13.1%和9.2%,而大分子组分与疏水性组分有所增加,疏水性组分/亲水性组分由0.89增至1.29;DOM中C、H、N、S含量和C/H、C/N、C/S、C/(N+S)均呈降低趋势.这些变化趋势与堆肥过程中有机物的变化规律一致,因此,堆肥DOM的理化特性能用以表征堆肥的腐熟度.     

城市垃圾和污水脱水污泥、排水管污泥混合堆肥工艺研究

城市垃圾和污水脱水污染、排水管污泥已成为现代城市污染的主要总是。由于这些废弃物中有机物质的含量较高,因此可以利用堆肥的方法来进行处理,使其转化为农田的有机肥料,本文用城市生活垃圾和污水处理厂污泥、排水管污泥混合进行堆肥的研究。